(grabbed partially from one of my previous posts to help someone in another forum) Torque Vectoring AWD : Power can be distributed to left right front back xDrive with performance control, xDrive by itself will not torque vector! 50% torque to front maximum, 100% torque to back maximum to each rear wheel (open central dif) (ZF System) Ford Edge's AWD, also used in Mazda CX-7 and Mazdaspeed 6, in my opinion, one of the slowest reacting AWD system there is Acura's SH-AWD, can send power 100% per wheel to their respective front:rear engine outputs (Engine torque to front may be only limited to 90:10) Mitsubishi's S-AWC, can send power 100% per wheel, makes use of an active differential AND usage of brakes to create torque vectoring (engine output can vary per wheel along with brakes pulling it) The one used on Outlander 2010+ top trim has an active differential front only and only Yaw sensor in front. Evo X should has it at the back with Active braking at the front. Active center differential which can lock and be open Saab's xAWD, 4th Gen Haldex with eLSD at back, pratically what some Audi uses (3rd gen and below) but even more advanced. Mercedes Benz 4th Gen 4Matic, 4-ETS + ABS controlled, 45:55 split torque on normal driving can split up to 30:70 and 70:30 (65:35 - 35:65 @ some other sources) with each wheel variable by 4-ETS system braking. Multi plate wet clutch central dif Rear wheel bias AWD: 100% power is to the back on normal situation, front wheel gains up to 50%~ on slippage/start Infiniti iAWD == Nissan ATTESSA-ETS system with hydraulic activation Possibly standard xDrive as well. Possibly found in Lexus AWDs aswell (minus GX and LX) Front wheel bias AWD: other way around u find in these in Hyundai Tucson, Toyota Veneza, typically your consumer friendly AWD Subaru's Symmetrical AWD: 50:50 split if you're using manual, 60:40 on Auto (front:back) WRX and Legacy GT use Torsen based central dif whilst most others use multi-plate Audi Quattro: 40:60 split on most new models, 50:50 on older models using mechanical central dif (the only ones who does it in the industry) made in house under Torsen-Quattro A3 uses a Front wheel bias AWD from Haldex, I believe TT also uses the same system or atleast the old one (since it used to use a Golf Chassis and R32 has the same system along with A3 on the Golf chassis aswell) VW 4Motions usually use the Quattro counterparts and mostly the Haldex ones used in A3 Q7, Toureg, Cayenne uses Borg-Warner AWD which is more off-road orientated and tougher Audi Quattro + Sports differential: Normal quattro + rear torque vectoring (ZF Rear dif system) Mitsubishi's AWC: selectable from 100% FF to 60:40 to 50:50-> 40:60 @ Lock (apparently it can torque vector too!) found in the new RVR, low trim Outlanders is able to push more power to all wheels compared to most of the other FWD bias ones, these probably only push 25~30% power to rear. The Bias AWD are pretty much reactive, send torque when slip compared to passive 4x4: good'ol dis-engagble to RWD and can perform power to all wheels @ 50:50 but usually got a non slip-able differential thus 4x4 mode will cause trouble when you go turning on pavement and prob burn the transfercase or transmission Land Rover's Terrain Control System is not actually their AWD system, it is just a throttle, suspension etc management system. LR2 uses a Ford AWD system, which is probably a more generic one that doesnt torque vector. (LR2 was from Ford's rule anyways) LR3/Range Rover are probably more 4x4 based transfer case with active differentials (you can buy them with a locked Rear dif too which will make it a normal 4x4) so yeah these are what I know of from my readings, if I am wrong anywhere please correct me. -Aldric
